Abstract: Investigations were implemented in 2014 on 19 samples plots of Paeonia szechuanica communities relatively more distributed in Aba,Sichuan province. Static life table was compiled based on survey data. Relationship of population structure and properties with environmental factorswas analyzed by principal component analysis. The results showed that age class distribution of P. szechuanica population had difference amongdifferent sample plots. At habitats dominated by bush species, P. szechuanica had more seedlings, indicating better regeneration and belonging tostable and growing population. At habitats dominated by tree species, P. szechuanica had higher death rate of seedlings, indicating decliningpopulation. Principal component analysis showed that the average ground diameter and population density of P. szechuanica was significantlyaffected by environmental factors, especially slope and soil moisture content.