Abstract: In 2017, 5 populations of Camellia meiocarpa were selected from its main distribution area in Guizhou for determinations on flower, leaf and fruit. The results showed that among 19 descriptive phenotypic traits, only petal color and ovary pubescence genetic diversity index was 0, the other 17 traits had0.139 1-1.615 9, with the average of 0.657 2. The largest and the smallest index was seed shape and leaf base shape. Mean coefficient of variation of11 numerical traits was 22.66%, ranging from 8.90% to 42.25%. Fruit length, fruit diameter and fruit shape index had smaller coefficient of variance. The average coefficient of variance of five populations was varied 26.16%-19.43%. The mean coefficient of phenotypic differentiation among populations was 58.79%, the contribution rate among and within populations was 58.79% and 41.21%,showing variation among and within the five populations of C. meiocarpa with rich diversity. Principal component analysis on 11 phenotypic traits resulted into 6 principal components like fruit weight, fruit shape index, pericarp thickness, number of petals, number of style splitting and corolla diameter with cumulative contribution rate of 88.54%. The 6 principal components were. Comprehensive evaluation onphenotypic traits demonstrated that the highest was from Hongzhou with 3.86, and the lowest from Zhongcheng with -1.29.