Abstract: To provide scientific basis for the conservation of extremely endangered plants, Acer yanjuechi, the light and soil conditions of trees planted in Nature Reserve of Tianmu Mountain were investigated. The results showed that there exited large range of soil physiochemical indexes among the different sites，which were organic matter 52.24 ~ 217.25 g·kg-1，alkali-hydrolyzed nitrogen 170.82 ~ 573.41 mg·kg-1，available phosphorus 7.85 ~ 20.25 mg·kg-1，rapidly available potassium 140 ~ 450 mg·kg-1. The pH value from 4.7 to 7.1 and electric conductivity index 0.38 ~ 0.99 ms·cm-1. It presented stronger growth and higher well-developed seeds percentage in sunny，higher soil nutrient sites with efficient organic matter and higher rapidly available nutrient which showed that light density and soil nutrient have influence on the growth and development of Acer yanjuechi.