半干旱区下沉式公园微气候特征与下垫面优化配置研究

鲁凯莉; 王爱霞; 郭亚男; 吕杨超

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1001-3776.2021.06.008

半干旱区下沉式公园微气候特征与下垫面优化配置研究

Microclimate Characteristics of Subsidence Park in Semi-arid Areas

摘要

摘要: 2019年，以地处西北半干旱区的鄂尔多斯市铁西公园为研究对象，使用实测微气候数值作为参数源，利用ENVI-MET软件建立物理模型，模拟不同下沉深度8种下垫面配比（绿地、硬质和水体不同配比）的微气候及人体舒适度变化规律，得出最适宜的下沉深度和下垫面配比。结果表明，公园下沉深度与降温率、增湿率和降风率呈显著正相关，与舒适度改善率成显著负相关；舒适度改善率随着公园下沉深度的增加而降低，建议在此类公园设计中下沉深度不宜超过35 m；公园设计应根据下沉深度合理配置下垫面，下沉深度为0 m、25 m时，绿地占比为67% ~ 89%，硬质铺装占比为11% ~ 33%的舒适度改善率最佳，下沉深度为5 m、10 m、20 m时，绿地占比为67% ~ 80%，硬质铺装占比为20% ~ 33%的舒适度改善率最佳，下沉深度低于30 m时，水域面积占比为0 ~ 25%的舒适度改善率最佳；下沉深度为30 ~ 35 m时，舒适度改善率最适宜的下垫面中绿地、硬质铺装、水体面积的占比分别为67% ~ 70%、30% ~ 33%、0 ~ 11%。

Abstract: In April, July, September and December of 2019, determinations were carried out on wind speed, temperature and humidity at Tiexi Park in Ordos, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, the semi-arid region of the northwest China. The Park is restored from pit with subsidence depth of 5m, slope of 40°. ENVI-MET software was used for simulating microclimate and comfort rate of different subsidence depths and different ratio of green space, hard paving and water body. The result demonstrated that the subsidence depth of the park had significantly positive relation with cooling rate, humidification rate and downwind rate, but had significantly negative relation with comfort improvement rate. The result showed that with the increase of subsidence depth of the park, the comfort improvement rate decreased.

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