Abstract: During April and November 2019, experiments were conducted on different concentrations of NaCl treatment (0 as CK, 0.3%, 0.4%, 0.5%, 0.6% and 0.7%) on 1-year Carya illinoensis ‘Pawnee’ seedlings in a greenhouse in Ningbo, Zhejiang province. During June and September, another experiments were implemented on different concentrations of NaCl treatment (0 as CK, 0.3% and 0.6%) on 10-year Carya illinoensis ‘Pawnee’ in Lin’an, Zhejiang province. The results showed that 1-year seedlings with the treatment of 0.7% NaCl, the survival rate was only 49.5%. And concentration of NaCl had positive relation with longitudinal diameter of fruit, single fruit weight, seed shell thickness, protein and reducing sugar content in kernel of 10-year C. illinoensis ‘Pawnee’, while negative one with the fat and soluble sugar content. Except single fruit, there was no significant difference in fruit quality among different NaCl treatments (P>0.05). NaCl treatment had changed the relative contents of palmitic acid, α-linolenic acid and cis-11-eicosenoic acid in kernels, but not significant on fruit quality. The effect of fatty acid composition was not significantly different (P>0.05).