Abstract: In May and June 2019, 30 natural representative Vulpia myuros communities were selected in Zhejiang province, 3 quadrats were established in 26 communities. Investigations were made on species diversity, plant composition, community structure and species diversity, as well as on soil nutrient index in quadrats.The results showed that there were 72 species of plant in V. myuros communities, including 4 species of shrub, 22 species of annual herbs and 46 species of perennial herbs, belonging to 67 genera and 31 families, dominated by Asteraceae, Gramineae, Plantaginaceae and Geraniaceae. V. myuros communities were rich in species, but the distribution of species was not even. Due to the growth characteristics, especially strong demand for light, V. myuros usually occupies the upper space of the community, and the community structure is simple. Species diversity had positive relation with altitude. Redundancy analysis demonstrated that the diversity of V. myuros community was greatly affected by soil factors, hydrothermal factors and spatial pattern. Among them, the soil factors were the main factors, especially hydrolyzed available nitrogen content occupied 15.7%, followed by soil available potassium of 15.6%, and hydrothermal factors accounted for 14.7%.