Abstract: In April 2020, experiments were conducted on simulation of different nitrogen deposition (0, 6 and 9 g/m2/year) at Taxodium distichum plantation in riparian zone of Changtan Reservoir, Zhejiang province. In April 2021, soil samples were collected and rhizsphere bacteria were analyzed by high throughput sequencing. The results indicated that 696 genera of 28 phylum and 87 classes and 168 orders of bacteria were detected. The Shannon and Chao 1 index of rhizosphere bacteria at treatment of 6 g/m2/year increased by 5.54% and 13.29% than that at the control (0 g/m2/year), while that at 9 g/m2/year decreased by 4.41% and 6.64% than that at the control. Simulation nitrogen deposition significantly changed the bacterial community structures. The relative abundance of Acidobacteria increased with nitrogen deposition, while that of Actinobacteria decreased at phylum level. The relative abundance of Gemmatimonadetes and Sphingomonas showed an initial decrease and subsequent increase with increasing nitrogen deposition at genus level.