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袁超哲, 朱玲琴, 王洪艳, 蒋金荣, 张建, 王衍彬, 葛永金, 黄旭波. 不同品种（种）油茶果径、籽径测定及机械脱蒲性能研究[J]. 浙江林业科技, 2023, 43(3): 71-78. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1001-3776.2023.03.010
引用本文: 袁超哲, 朱玲琴, 王洪艳, 蒋金荣, 张建, 王衍彬, 葛永金, 黄旭波. 不同品种（种）油茶果径、籽径测定及机械脱蒲性能研究[J]. 浙江林业科技, 2023, 43(3): 71-78. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1001-3776.2023.03.010
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YUAN Chao-zhe, ZHU Ling-qin, WANG Hong-yan, JIANG Jin-rong, ZHANG Jian, WANG Yan-bin, GE Yong-jin, HUANG Xu-bo. Fruit and Seed Diameter of Different Cultivars of Camellia oleifera and Experiment on Fruit Shelling[J]. Journal of Zhejiang Forestry Science and Technology, 2023, 43(3): 71-78. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1001-3776.2023.03.010
Citation: YUAN Chao-zhe, ZHU Ling-qin, WANG Hong-yan, JIANG Jin-rong, ZHANG Jian, WANG Yan-bin, GE Yong-jin, HUANG Xu-bo. Fruit and Seed Diameter of Different Cultivars of Camellia oleifera and Experiment on Fruit Shelling[J]. Journal of Zhejiang Forestry Science and Technology, 2023, 43(3): 71-78. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1001-3776.2023.03.010
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不同品种（种）油茶果径、籽径测定及机械脱蒲性能研究

Fruit and Seed Diameter of Different Cultivars of Camellia oleifera and Experiment on Fruit Shelling

    摘要
  • 摘要: 对浙江主栽的11个油茶Camelliaoleifera良种与3个浙江本土油茶品种（种）分别测定果径和籽径及其直径分布，并选取其中6个长林系列品种的油茶果进行混合测验机械脱蒲效果，分析油茶果的脱蒲率、油茶籽破损率和蒲籽分离率，研究果径、籽径对油茶机械化脱蒲的影响，为油茶果机械化脱蒲及加工机械开发提供理论依据与数据支撑。结果表明，果径分布区间在＜19mm、19~31mm、31~43mm、＞43mm的油茶果实比例分别为0.67%、35.55%、54.65%、9.13%；不同品种（种）油茶籽径分布有一定的差异，油茶籽径分布区间在＜9mm、9~15mm、15~21mm、＞21mm的油茶籽比例分别为1.79%、31.45%、57.80%、8.96%。机械化脱蒲试验结果表明，油茶果的脱蒲率为92.78%，油茶籽的破损率为2.34%，蒲籽分离率为87.20%，油茶籽径大于30mm的油茶籽易受损，果径在19.58~21.22mm的油茶果不易脱蒲和分离。可依据试验结果对油茶果脱蒲机械的辊子的尺寸、辊子运动的速度、筛选器的间隙等关键零部件进行设计与分析，同时可对不同果径的油茶果分选后，再分别进行机械脱蒲，以提高脱蒲率和蒲籽分离率，降低油茶籽破损率。

     

    Abstract: During 21-23 October 2021, fruits of Camellia oleifera and 13 cultivars were collected from 7-15-year mother tree in Qingtian and Longyou plantations of Zhejiang. Determinations were carried out on fruit and seed diameter. The results showed that the fruit with diameter of < 19 mm, 19 mm - 31 mm, 31 mm - 43 mm and > 43 mm occupied 0.67%, 35.55%, 54.65% and 9.13%. Seed diameter distribution ranged within < 9 mm, 9 - 15 mm, 15 mm - 21 mm and > 21 mm, with 1.79%, 31.45%, 57.80% and 8.96% respectively. Experiment on shelling showed that shelling rate of fruits was 92.78%, with damage rate of seeds of 2.34%, and the separation rate of seed from fruit was 87.20%. The seed diameter greater than 30 mm would be easily damaged, and fruits diameter between 19.58 mm - 21.22 mm could not easy to be shelled and separated.

     

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