铁皮石斛近野生活树附生栽培技术研究
Experiment on Cultivation of Dendrobium officinale on Different Tree Species on Mountain and Plain
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摘要: 铁皮石斛Dendrobium officinale 是我国名贵的中药材，市场需求量大，林下种植应运而生，铁皮石斛活树 附生栽培模式是其最主要的形式。选择平原不同附生树种、山地天然次生阔叶混交林不同坡向不同附生树种进行 近野生活树栽培试验，并进行生长及效果观测，以期实践总结出最佳的铁皮石斛的活树附生栽培技术。研究结果 表明，不同附生树种、不同坡向对活树附生栽培铁皮石斛的茎高、茎粗和单丛鲜质量有显著影响，选择合适的林 地和附生树种能有效提高铁皮石斛近野生栽培的产量。仙居县及类似地区铁皮石斛近野生栽培平原附生树种宜选 择与南方红豆杉Taxus wallichiana var. mairei 相似树冠相对透光率大的树种，铁皮石斛种苗宜选择‘晶品1 号’； 山地天然次生阔叶混交林铁皮石斛近野生活树附生栽培宜选择向阳坡和东南坡多的林地，附生树种优先选择青冈 栎Cyclobalanopsis glauca、化香树Platycarya strobilacea、檵木Loropetalum chinense、枫香树Liquidambar formosana、 野柿Diospyros kaki var. silvestris 等阔叶树。Abstract: In April 2019, 2-year of 3 cultivars of Dendrobium officinale were cultivated on pure Taxus walllichiana var. mairei, pure Phoebe chekiangensis stand in plain and broadleaf mixed forest on mountain in Xianju, Zhejiang province. Survival rate was investigated 30 days later, and height, stem diameter, new root number every month. In April 2020, determinations were conducted on germination number, stem nodes and fresh weight. The results showed that under same growth environment, different tree species, aspect had evident effect on stem height, diameter and fresh weight of D. officinale.
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