Abstract: Camellia oleifera is an important woody oil crop in China, and its germplasm innovation and variety improvement can fundamentallyimprove the yield and quality of Camellia oleifera and promote the rapid development of Camellia oleifera industry. This paper reviews were madeon the current research status of Camellia spp. in terms of collection and conservation of genetic, identification and evaluation, hybrid breeding andmolecular breeding. Analysis was carried out on further breeding and industrial development of Camellia spp. in China.