‘东红’猕猴桃引种试验

徐永平; 陈美艳; 钟彩虹; 林雪艳; 张庆朝

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1001-3776.2024.02.014

‘东红’猕猴桃引种试验

Experiment on Introduction of Actinidia chinensis‘Donghong’

摘要

摘要: 浙江省泰顺县、江山市、上虞区引进‘东红’猕猴桃Actinidia chinensis ‘Donghong’接穗，其中泰顺县将其高接至8年生‘布鲁诺’猕猴桃Actinidia deliciosa ‘Bruno’，江山、上虞则以1年生中华猕猴桃Actinidia chinensis 实生苗为砧木进行嫁接，并在3个县（市、区）对‘东红’猕猴桃物候期、生长结果习性、果实品质、抗性及配套栽培技术研究开展了相关区域试验。结果表明，‘东红’猕猴桃树势强，成枝率达90%以上；嫁接后第二年即可实现10 500 kg·hm⁻²（大树改接）和5 250 kg·hm⁻²（砧木幼苗定植后嫁接）的产量，并分别在第五、第六年达到丰产，产量达30 000 kg·hm⁻²以上；果实品质优良，平均可溶性固形物含量15.6%～16.9%，干物质含量17.8%～18.6%；果实抗软腐病，耐贮性好；在1.5 ℃±0.5 ℃条件下，硬度由采后11 kg·cm⁻²左右至2 kg·cm⁻²可以存放12周，从2 kg·cm⁻²到1 kg·cm⁻²可以存放8周以上。

Abstract: In 2014, scions were collected from 1-year branch of 9-year Actinidia chinensis ‘Donghong’ in Wuhan, Hubei province. In 2015, they were grafted on 8-year A. deliciosa ‘Bruno’ in Taishun and on 1-year A. chinensis in Jiangshan, Shangyu. From 2016, fruit yield was measured every year, and from 2018, phenophase was observed. During 2020 and 2021, determination was implemented on tree growth, fruit bearing habit, fruit morphology, fruit quality and storage time. The result showed that 'Donghong' had strong growth potential with 90% shoot ability, fruit yield with 10 500 kg/ha （top grafting） and 5 250 kg/ha （1-year rootstock） 1 year after grafting. The fruit yield was topped to 30 000 kg/ha in the 5^th and 6^th year after grafting, with SSC 15.6%-16.9% and DM 17.8%-18.6% , high resistance to soft rot and good storability. Under （1.5±0.5） ℃, fruit could be stored for 20 weeks.

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