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小五台山华北落叶松林水化学特征及金属离子流转

Hydro-chemical Characteristics and Metal Ions Transfer of Larix gmelinii var. principis rupprechtii Plantation in Xiaowutaishan

  • 摘要: 为了研究小五台山山涧口流域华北落叶松Larix gmelinii var. principis-rupprechtii林水化学特征及金属离子流转情况,收集华北落叶松林生长初期、生长中期、生长后期的降雨及再分配过程(穿透水、树干径流、枯落物渗透水、坡面径流)水样,并测定及分析水量、pH值和Ca2+、Mg2+、K+、Na+、Zn2+、Mn2+、Fe2+、Cu2+的质量浓度。结果表明:(1)生长初期:穿透水和树干径流中Mg2+、Mn2+、Na+、Ca2+、Fe2+ 质量浓度在3个生长阶段最高;枯落物渗透水及坡面径流中K+、Na+、Mg2+、Zn2+、Mn2+ 质量浓度在3个生长阶段最高;再分配过程中Ca2+、Mg2+、K+、Na+、Zn2+、Mn2+、Fe2+表现为淋溶流失。生长中期:再分配过程中Ca2+、Mn2+、Cu 2+表现为淋溶流失,Mg2+、K+被吸附,Na+、Zn2+、Fe2+表现不一。生长后期:穿透水及树干径流中Zn2+质量浓度在3个生长阶段最高;再分配过程中Ca2+、Mg2+、Zn2+、Mn2+、Fe2+ 表现为淋溶流失,Na+、Cu 2+被吸附,K+表现不一。各再分配过程Cu 2+ 质量浓度排序为生长后期>生长中期>生长初期。(2)除生长中期的穿透水、坡面径流及生长后期坡面径流pH值>7外,其它再分配过程pH值<7。(3)落叶松人工林截留近95%的降雨,林地枯落物截留金属离子量远高于冠层截留量及输入土壤的总量。

     

    Abstract: In 46-year Larix gmelinii var. principis-rupprechtii plantation in Xiaowutaishan, Hebei province, sample plot with 30m×40m was established to collect water sample from precipitation and redistribution processes (through-fall, stem flow, litter-through, runoff on slope ) at early, middle and later stage of growth of plantation. Determination was implemented on water quantity, pH, and mass concentrations of Ca2+, Mg2+, K+, Na+, Zn2+, Mn2+, Fe2+, Cu2+. The results showed that the mass concentrations of Mg2+, Mn2+, Na+, Ca2+, Fe2+ of through-fall and stem flow and that of K+, Na+, Mg2+, Zn2+, Mn2+ of litter-through and runoff on slope at early stage were the highest in the 3 growth stages. Ca2+, Mg2+, K+, Na+, Zn2+, Mn2+, Fe2+ showed leaching loss during redistribution process. At middle stage of growth, Ca2+, Mn2+, Cu 2+ showed leaching loss, Mg2+, K+ were adsorbed, and Na+, Zn2+, Fe2+ had different performances during redistribution processes. At later stage of growth, the mass concentrations of Zn2+ in through-fall and stem flow were the highest in the 3 growth stages. Ca2+, Mg2+, Zn2+, Mn2+, Fe2+ showed leaching loss, and Na+,Cu 2+ were adsorbed, and the performance of K+ was different during redistribution processes. In the whole redistribution process, the mass concentration of Cu2+ was ordered by later stage>middle stage>early stage. pH of through-fall, runoff on slope at middle stage, and runoff on slope at later stage was >7, that of the left process, pH was <7. The plantation interception had nearly 95% of precipitation. The amount of metal ions interception by litter was much higher than that by canopy and total amount of soil input.

     

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