Objective The excessive use of land by human activities worsens the environment in ecologically fragile areas, which has become an important factor affecting and restricting China’s economic and social development.

Method Strengthening the protection and restoration of degraded ecosystems in fragile areas is an important way to solve the current problems between ecological environment and economic development. Based on ecological security and the theory of restoration ecology, taking Lin’an Hickory nut producing area as the research object, which has been seriously ecological degraded and caused geological disasters. this paper systematically analyzed the effect and results of the ecological degradation of natural factors such as the ecological location, geological structure, soil erosion and rainfall, as well as human factors such as weeding and garden clearing, excessive use of pesticides, and excessive fertilization in Lin’an Hickory nut producing area, and the process and formation mechanism of ecological degradation were analyzed, evaluated Hickory forest ecological security state.

Result The studies have shown that it is The combined effect of natural and human factors has led to the ecological degradation of the production area. On this basis, by constructing the ecological sensitivity evaluation index system, and conducting comprehensive sensitivity assessment, key areas for ecological restoration have been identified, and ideas for ecological space management and control and zoning policies have been innovatively put forward. Returning fruits to forests, ecological management, restoration of degraded ecological paths, and technical measures to improve quality and efficiency in economic forest production areas.

Conclusion As the largest producing area of hickory in China, its ecological restoration model can provide reference for restoring damaged ecological environment and ensuring ecological safety in other areas of the same type.