Abstract: According to literature review and field survey, there are 50 genera and 98 species of Orchidaceae plants in Lishui City, accounting for 92.59% and 81.00% of the total in Zhejiang Province, respectively. The main genera are Cymbidium （7 species）, Platanthera （7 species） and Bulbophyllum （7 species）, and 16 species of national second-class key protected wild plants, and 3 species of critically endangered （CR） plants. The geographical components of the Orchidaceae flora in Lishui are complex and diverse. There are 10 geographical elements at the genus level, with tropical elements （2−7） slightly dominant （56.00%） and temperate elements （8−15） accounting for 44%, indicating that the tropical and temperate Common descent at the genus level. There are 6 types of species level geographical elements, with temperate elements accounting for Absolute advantage （80.61%）, and East Asian distribution （44.90%） and Chinese endemic distribution （34.69%）, indicating that East Asian differentiation and Southeast Asia Mainland differentiation are dominant at the species level.The comparative analysis of floristic elements shows that the region is closely related to the orchid flora of Yunnan, Guangxi and Mainland Southeast Asia, and has the characteristics of transition from tropical to subtropical.