Abstract: In order to explore the species composition and foraging behavior of pollination insects during the flowering period of Platycrater arguta in Yangjifeng National Nature Reserve of Jiangxi Province, the investigation is conducted from 2022 to 2023, setting up four insect observation sites and analyzing the species diversity to reveal the potential factors affecting the success of P. argute reproduction.The results showed that a total of 406 insects belonging to 4 orders, 10 families, 16 species were collected and identified, the dominant pollinating groups of P. arguta were the common combination of Apidae, Syrphidae or that of Apidae, Andrenidae, Syrphidae. The pollinator diversity was higher in Donggang and Pinggang observation sites, whereas lower in Xigang and Gankeng observation sites, which was likely due to the more frequent human activity. Among the pollinating insects, Bombus sp., Andrena cammelia and Apis florea had the highest pollination efficiency, with their daily activity pattern showing a bimodal distribution. Reduction in effective pollinator groups may affect bearing percentage of P. arguta. According to breeding system and bagging experiments, P. argute exhibited the characteristics of facultative self-pollination and cross-pollination, bore fruits naturally, needed pollinators, thus the types and quantities of pollinating insects had an impact on the pollination success rate of P. arguta, whose sterile flowers could effectively improve pollination, providing a guarantee for reproductive success. Therefore, the protection of P. arguta populations should focus on the avoidance of habitat destruction and human disturbance on pollinating insects, and consider implementing artificial supplementary pollination to improve the reproductive success rate. In summary, this study initially clarifies the community diversity of the pollinating insects for P. arguta, providing a new perspective for the conservation of P. arguta.