Abstract: Exploring the ecological stoichiometric characteristics and nutrient limiting factors of Picea asperata plantations at different altitudes aims to increase the productivity and water conservation capacity of P. asperata plantations. Soil samples of 0−20 cm and 20−40 cm layers were collected from six P. asperata plantations at different altitudes in the upstream of the Bailong River to measure contents of soil organic C total N, total P, total K and to analyze the vertical variation of their stoichiometric characteristics and the correlation with altitude, using the field sampling method and the indoor analysis method. The results were summarized as follows: (1) Altitude had significant effect on soil physical and chemical properties of P. asperata plantations (P<0.05). With the increase of altitude gradient, soil organic C, total N and total P increased first and then decreased, soil total K did not change significantly. The content of soil organic C and total P decreased with the deepening of soil layer, while the total N and total K changed in an unobvious rule with the maximum value of soil nutrients appearing at altitude of 2600 m and 2710 m. (2) The variable range of C/N, C/P, N/P and C/K were 4.48～36.78, 10.37～36.78, 1.42～6.82 and 0.41～2.32, respectively, the variation rules of which were different with the attitude elevating, and all belonged to moderate variation. Except C/N and N/P, the ratios of C/P and C/K of 0−20 cm layer were greater than those of 20−40 cm layer. Soil nutrients in the study area were controlled by N. (3) Correlation analysis showed that altitude was significantly correlated with soil total N, total P, N/P and C/N. Organic C was the key factor affecting ratios of C/P and C/K, total N was the crucial factor affecting ratio of C/N, while total P was the dominant factor affecting ratio of N/P.