Abstract: A typical plot method was used to explore the species diversity and its relationship with soil physicochemical properties of evergreen broadleaf forests and coniferous forests in the Jiande City forest farm. The results showed that there were 65 species of woody plants in the tree layer of the evergreen broad-leaved forest, which is 2.95 times bigger than that of the coniferous forest. There are 62 species of understory shrubs and 17 species of herbaceous plants, accounting for 72.9% and 56.7% of the total species respectively. The species richness index, Simpson index, Shannon index and Pielou evenness index of the tree layer in evergreen broadleaf forests were significantly higher than those in coniferous forests (P<0.05), whereas the species richness index of the herbaceous layer in coniferous forests was 1.8 times higher than that of evergreen broad-leaved forests(P<0.05). Contents of soil organic carbon (SOC) and total nitrogen (TN) in evergreen broad-leaved forests were significantly higher (by 68.2% and 69.9%, respectively) than those in coniferous forests. (P<0.05). The species richness, Simpson index of the tree layer was positively correlated with soil bulk density, (P<0.05), as well as negatively correlated with soil total porosity (P<0.05). There was a significant positive correlation between the species richness index, soil total carbon and total nitrogen (P<0.05) in the tree layer, the Shannon index and Pielou index of which were positively correlated with total nitrogen (P<0.05), the Shannon index and Pielou index of the herbaceous layer were positively correlated with soil pH (P<0.05). All the indexes of the shrub layers in the two forest types had no significant differences (P>0.05), keeping themselves significantly uncorrelated with soil physicochemical properties (P>0.05). The existing evergreen broad-leaved forests should be preferentially conserved, while the coniferous forests may be moderately thinned in future forest management.