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百山祖土壤碳氮磷化学计量特征及其对海拔的响应

Patterns of Soil Carbon, Nitrogen and Phosphorus Stoichiometry in Baishanzu Mountain and Their Response to Altitude

    摘要
  • 摘要:
    目的 探讨百山祖山地土壤碳（C）、氮（N）、磷（P）化学计量特征对海拔的响应模式与机制，为识别亚热带山地生态系统土壤养分限制状况、揭示土壤C、N、P循环机制提供科学依据。
    方法 在百山祖四个海拔梯度（700～900 m、1 100～1 300 m、1 300～1 500 m、1 500～1 700 m）设置样地，通过采集和分析土壤样品及环境因子，测定土壤有机C、总N、总P含量及化学计量比，运用相关性和回归分析探究其与环境因子的关系。
    结果 百山祖土壤C和N含量随海拔升高呈显著增加趋势（P<0.05），其中，土壤C含量在海拔1 300～1 500 m处达到最大值（85.16 g·kg−1），土壤N含量在海拔1 500～1 700 m处达到最大值（5.65 g·kg−1），而P含量无显著变化（P>0.05）；不同海拔梯度下土壤C、N含量的变异高度耦合（R2=0.86，P<0.01），而P含量与C、N含量呈现非耦合特征；土壤C∶N、C∶P和N∶P均随海拔升高呈现先增加后降低的趋势，最高值出现在海拔1 300～1 500 m处（针叶林区），研究区土壤存在明显的P限制现象；不同海拔间土壤C∶N和凋落物C∶N呈显著正相关（r=0.40, P<0.05），而土壤C∶P和N∶P均与土壤水分含量呈显著正相关（C∶P：r=0.68, P<0.05；N∶P：r=0.71, P<0.05），而与土壤温度（C∶P：r=−0.35, P<0.05；N∶P：r=−0.38, P<0.05）和pH（C∶P：r=−0.60, P<0.05；N∶P：r=−0.55, P<0.05）呈显著负相关。以上结果表明，海拔梯度下土壤C:N变异主要受植被因素调控，而C∶P和N∶P的变异主要受土壤理化因素影响。

     

    Abstract: This study aims to explore the response of soil carbon (C), nitrogen (N), and phosphorus (P) stoichiometric characteristics at different altitudes in Baishanzu Mountain, and provide a foundation for identifying soil nutrient limitation in subtropical mountain ecosystems and uncovering the mechanisms of soil C, N, and P cycling. Plots were set at four altitudinal gradients (700–900 m, 1100–1300 m, 1300–1500 m, and 1500–1700 m) in Baishanzu Mountain, and soil organic C, total N, total P contents, their stoichiometric ratios were measured by analyzing soil samples collected and environmental factors. The relationship between soil properties and environmental factors was explored by using correlation and regression analysis method. The contents of soil C and N increased significantly with the elevation of altitude (P<0.05), the content of soil C reaching a maximum (85.16 g·kg–1) at 1300-1500 m altitude, the content of soil N mounting to a maximum (5.65 g·kg–1) at 1500−1700 m altitude, the content of soil P having no significant change. The variation of soil C and N content under different altitude gradients was highly coupled (R2=0.86, P<0.01), while P content and C and N content showed uncoupled characteristics. The ratios of soil C∶N, C∶P and N∶P all increased first and then decreased with the altitude upgrading, the highest value of which appeared at 1300–1500 m altitude (coniferous forest area). An obvious phenomenon of P limitation existed in the soil of the study area. There was a significantly positive correlation between soil C∶N and litterfall C∶N at different altitudes (r=0.40, P<0.05), while soil C∶P and N∶P were significantly positively correlated with soil moisture content (C∶P∶r=0.68, P<0.05). N∶P∶r=0.71, P<0.05), and were significantly negatively correlated with soil temperature (C∶P∶r=–0.35, P<0.05; N∶P∶r=–0.38, P<0.05) and pH (C∶P∶r=–0.60, P<0.05; N∶P∶r=–0.55, P<0.05). The results show that the variation of soil C∶N is mainly regulated by vegetation, factors, while those of C∶P and N∶P is mainly affected by soil physical and chemical factors.

     

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