Abstract: To explore the community structure of new wild Sinocalycanthus chinensis in Dongjiangyuan Provincial Natural Reserve, three 20 m×20 m sample plots were established, investigating the species composition, population structure, diameter structure and interspecific association. The survey result showed that S. chinensis, Schima superba and Eurya rubiginosa were the main dominant species in the S. chinensis community of Dongjiangyuan, the importance value of which accounting for 34.02%. The diameter class showed nearly normal distribution with the largest number of plants with diameters between 1, 2）, indicating that the community was not far advanced and still in the succession stage. The analysis on species pairs of the surveyed communities of the co-occurrence rate, association coefficient, Pearson correlation coefficient and Spearman correlation coefficient showed that there was positive correlation between S. chinensis and S. superba, E. rubiginosa, Rhododendron ovatum, Dryopteris, while there was negative correlation between S. chinensis and Camellia sinensis, Diplopterygium glaucum, Cunninghamia lanceolata, Lophatherum gracile. In summary, the species distribution of S. chinensis community in the area studied is relatively uniform, but the number of species is relatively small, the structure and function of the community with young age of stand have been promoting, consequentially this community is invaded and disturbed easily. Appropriate artificial tending measures are proposed to create a better growing environment for S. chinensis in the subsequent field conservation.