Abstract: Monimopetalum chinense, a semi-evergreen twining woody vine, is the only species from monotypic genus in Celastraceae endemic to China, listed as Class Ⅱ state key protected plant, possessing the significant ecological, medicinal, nutritional and ornamental significance. The geographic distribution, habitat characteristics, biological and ecological traits, genetic diversity and propagation technology of M. chinense are discussed, the causes of endangerment, future research, application prospects for M. chinense are analyzed in this article. Measures are suggested such as conducting the long-term monitoring of the population and community and research of phylogeography, enhancing the impact assessment of the human activities, in order to reveal the evolutionary background and ecological needs of M. chinense and provide a scientific basis for effective conservation strategies.