Abstract: Aiming at the lack of theoretical test data and references for the research on harvesting with branches and branches crushing of Zanthoxylum schinifolium Siebold & Zucc., this study made assumptions regarding the geometric shape and related mechanical relationships of the branches. According to relevant literature, branch samples of Z. schinifolium were subjected to axial and radial compression, tension and bending tests conducted by using a universal testing machine. Through data analysis, collation and calculations, the elastic parameters of the branches were obtained. The final measurement showed that the axial elastic modulus of Z. schinifolium branches was 435.88 MPa, the radial (tangential) elastic modulus was 57.78 MPa, the shear modulus of the isotropic plane was 22.22 MPa, the shear modulus of the anisotropic plane was 253.12 MPa, and the Poisson’s ratio of the anisotropic plane was less than 0.171. The branches of Z. schinifolium have characteristics of anisotropic elastic materials. The test results can provide theoretical data and references for the research on branch-with-twig harvesting, pruning, branch crushing, and the development of related equipment for this species.