Abstract: Hazelnut (Corylus spp.) is an excellent tree species with both fruit and timber uses and high economic value, and is known as one of the “four major nuts” in the world. Currently, an integrated framework of “buying globally and selling globally” has gradually taken shape in China’s agricultural products market. Therefore, timely understanding and mastering of the production and trade status of hazelnut at home and abroad is of great practical significance for industrial planning and the adaptation of international trade resources. A comparative analysis of the hazelnut production and trade situation in the world from the year 2013 to 2023 was presented in this paper. The result showed that the global hazelnut industry still demonstrated an industrial pattern of “Asia leading production and Europe leading consumption”, and Turkey’s global share of production and export value declined, but South America and Africa were gradually emerging as new markets. To support the sustainable development of the hazelnut industry in China, the following proposals are proposed: Intensifying the exploration and utilization of wild hazelnut resources, and accelerating the innovation in the hazelnut seed industry; Making scientific planning and steadily progressing to effectively improve the yield and quality of hazelnuts; Strengthening research on the potential value of hazelnut resources to extend and expand the hazelnut industry chain; Establishing and promoting national brands to enhance the international competitiveness of China’s hazelnut industry. The research results will provide a reference for future production planning, development layout and trade decision-making of hazelnuts in China.