Abstract: Corylus chinensis is a rare and endangered tree species with high nutritional value and ecological significance. In this study, C. chinensis from the Qingliangfeng provenance in Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, was investigated to determine the mineral element contents in both fruits and soils to explore the correlations between soil and fruit mineral elements and their effects on fruit yield and quality. The results showed fruit yield differed significantly among the experimental sites, a significant correlation was between the mineral element contents in C. chinensis fruits and soil composition. Notably, soil boron (B) had the most significant effect on α-tocopherol content, while magnesium (Mg) significantly promoted the accumulation of oleic acid. Additionally, soil pH, manganese (Mn), and total nitrogen (N) collectively regulated the synthesis and accumulation of linoleic acid. Further analysis revealed that Mn was a key element affecting fruit quality, and its accumulation was significantly affected by hydrolyzable nitrogen. These findings provide a scientific basis for the cultivation and resource utilization of C. chinensis in Zhejiang Province.