Abstract: Parrotia subaequalis is a newly identified population concentrated at the summit of Dahan Mountain, in Yongkang, Zhejiang Province. To understand its population characteristics, assess its endangered status and formulate targeted conservation measures, the resource inventory and per-tree survey were conducted on this population with the age and height structure, static life table, survival curve and sprouting regeneration characteristics analyzed. The results showed that: (1) the population comprised 136 individuals concentrated at the summit with a mean diameter at breast height (DBH) of 8.30 cm and a mean tree height of 3.78 m. (2) The age structure was spindle-shaped with the middle-age classes being dominant and fewer individuals at both ends, indicating a declining population. (3) The vertical structure was also spindle-shaped, dominated by middle-layer individuals with obvious shortage of low-layer trees and tall canopy trees. (4) A numerical peak of low-aged individuals occurred in age class Ⅱ, indicating periodic recruitment or population fluctuation, which may be related to the reproductive rhythm of P. subaequalis or understory disturbance. The survival curve approximated the Deevey-Ⅱ type, with the number of survivors (lx) decreasing and life expectancy (ex) declining.(5) Sprouting occurred in 64.71% of individuals, with an average of 2.14 sprouting stems per main stem. At the large-tree and old-tree stages, only multi-stemmed sprouting trees were observed with no single-stemmed individuals. These findings indicate that P. subaequalis population in Dahan Mountain is small and isolated, exhibits an overall declining structure, and its persistence relies on sprouting regeneration, needing urgent protection. It is recommended to carry out in situ enclosure and long-term monitoring, combined with artificial propagation and seedling cultivation, as well as ex situ conservation, to reduce the risk of extinction.