Advances in Research on Plant Tolerance to Abiotic Stress by Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi
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摘要: 丛枝菌根真菌（Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi，AMF或AM真菌）是一种在土壤中广泛存在的有益真菌，能与地球上80 %左右陆生植物根系共生形成丛枝菌根结构。AM真菌能通过与宿主植物交换碳源，促进宿主植物对N和P等无机营养元素的吸收，提高植株生产力和抵抗非生物胁迫的能力。全球气候变化和化肥农药的使用加剧了非生物胁迫对植物生产力的影响，引起生态系统退化。利用AM真菌协助植物应对多种逆境胁迫，对提高植物生产力具有重要意义。文章综述了AM真菌与宿主植物的共生机制，以及AM真菌帮助宿主植物应对盐、重金属、干旱、极端温度等非生物胁迫方面的研究进展，系统探讨了AM真菌提高植物逆境胁迫耐受性的机理，为提高植物适应逆境胁迫能力提供一定的理论依据。Abstract: Research achievements were reviewed on arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) symbiotic mechanism, and research progress was described on AMF in increasing tolerance to salt, heavy metals, drought and high temperature stress on host plants by enhancing photosynthesis, uptake nutrient elements and water use efficiency. Suggestions were put forwarded on further study on large scale purification and culture technique, selection and identification of different AMF, their operation mechanism and relations as well as on mycobiont of soil-AMF-plant and its mechanism.
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Keywords:
- arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi /
- mycorrhizal symbiosis /
- abiotic stress /
- tolerance /
- plant growth
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