Abstract: Taking Qingtian County, Zhejiang Province as an example, this study constructed an evaluation model for forest fire prevention and control capability, comprising six secondary indicators (outcome system, intelligent system, infrastructure system, aviation system, early response system, and education system) and 36 tertiary indicators (including forest fire casualty rate and forest fire incidence rate). The Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) and expert scoring method were employed to determine the weights of indicators at all levels. Results revealed the weights of the six secondary indicators as follows: outcome system (0.351 4), intelligent system (0.232 4), infrastructure system (0.161 9), aviation system (0.053 1), early response system (0.147 8), and education system (0.053 4). The outcome system exhibited the highest weight (0.351 4), followed by the intelligent system (0.232 4), highlighting the significance of overall system efficacy and modern technological applications in fire prevention. Among the outcome system indicators, forest fire control rate held the highest weight, underscoring its pivotal role in regional fire prevention capability evaluation. In the intelligent system, the smart disposal platform and digital command management platform shared the highest weights, emphasizing the critical role of information technology in fire prevention. From 2020 to 2024, the comprehensive forest fire prevention system, intelligent system, infrastructure system, aviation system, early disposal system, and education system in Qingtian County have improved by 5.35%, 50.55%, 50.26%, 82.61%, 50.70%, and 72.49% respectively, and the overall enhancement of forest fire prevention capability by 30.45%. The evaluation framework established in this study provides a quantitative assessment tool for Qingtian County’s forest fire prevention capacity, offers theoretical support for formulating fire prevention strategies in similar regions, and serves as a reference for constructing scientific forest fire prevention capability evaluation systems nationwide.