Comparison on Extra Large Seed Traits of Cultivars and Strains of Torreya grandis

In September of 2017, 2019 and 2020, fresh seeds were collected from extra large seed of Torreya grandis ‘Pandafei’, ‘Yushangguofei’, ‘Pandongfei’, ‘Yaochuandafei’, ‘Dayuanfei’ in Pan’an county, Zhejiang province. Determinations were carried out on 16 seed quantitative traits such as mass, size, etc., and content of oil, protein, soluble sugar, fatty acid composition of kernel, taking T.grandis ‘Xifei’ as control. The results demonstrated that seed morphology were different, long oval seed such as ‘Pandongfei’ with mid-maturation and 2 eyes, ‘Yushangguofei’ with mid-maturation andmore eyes, ‘Yaochuandafei’ with late-maturation and 2 eyes, ‘Pandafei’ with late-maturation and more eyes. There wereround seeds such as ‘Dayuanfei’ with late-maturation and 2 eyes. It had extremely evident differences of 16 seed traits among tested cultivars and control. Single fresh seed mass, single fresh nut mass of tested fine cultivars was 2-2.3 and 1.7-2.2 times larger than that of control. The mean shape index of seed and nut of ‘Dayuanfei’ was significantly smaller than that of control. Fruit-fresh seedratio of ‘Yushangguofei’, ‘Pandafei’ and ‘Dayuanfei’ was larger than 30%, middle level as that of control, while ‘Pandongfei’, ‘Yaochuandafei’ wasless than 30%, low level. Kernel-fruit ratio of ‘Pandafei’ was 67.03%, high level as that of control, the left 4 cultivars were less than 60%, low level. ‘Pandafei’ had 12 lowest coefficient of variation among total of 16 ones, while ‘Yushangguofei’ had 9 traits with maximum coefficient of variation, ‘Dayuanfei’ had 5 traits with maximum coefficient of variation. Comprehensive comparison on seed traits and kernel qualities concluded that ‘Pandafei’ had the highest uniformity in seed traits, ‘Pandongfei’ had the highest fat content of kernel.